Patient Information & Education
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Eustachian Tube
Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

The Eustachian tube is an anatomical structure that connects the ear to the nasopharynx (an area at the back of the nose). It is normally collapsed because it is wrapped in several muscles. Children and adults can have Eustachian tubes that do not work properly because of allergies, sinus problems, immature immune function, and changes in air pressure. Some people are predisposed to this because of a family history or their environment at home and work.

Some of the symptoms of Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) may be a "popping" of the ears, ear pressure, "muffled" sounds, hearing loss, recurrent "ear fluid" or pain. When people fly in a plane, they may experience discomfort as well. (It is important to remember that you can have similar symptoms from other ear disorders as well, so a medical evaluation is recommended.)

Normally, when you swallow, a small bubble of air enters the middle ear (the air pocket behind the eardrum) by passing through the Eustachian tube from the back of the nose. When there is "negative" pressure or a "vacuum" in the middle ear, the ear can feel blocked.

To "unblock" your ears, try keeping the Eustachian tube open by chewing gum, taking sips of water, or yawning. If this is not effective, gently force some air into the middle ear by pinching your nostrils, then taking a mouthful of air, and forcing the air into the back of the nose. The proper technique involves only pressure created by your cheek and throat muscles. Since babies can't do this, feed your baby during air travel and keep them awake during descent.

Many travelers use a decongestant or nose spray (such as Afrin) before a trip or scuba dive. Be aware that decongestants should be avoided by those with heart disease, high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms and thyroid disease. (Consult your physician regarding use of these medications) If you have allergies, you should take your allergy medicines during the trip. You can also purchase "Earplanes", which are special earplugs that help some people. Your physician may also recommend a prescription nose spray or placement of "ear tubes" to relieve fluid or pressure in the ear. A hearing test is often done to clarify and /or confirm the diagnosis of ETD.